Deleng sumbere nggo Afrika

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[[Gambar:LocationAfrica.png|jmpl|ka|Peta donya sing menunjukkan lokasi Afrika]]
'''Afrika''' ({{lang-en|'''Africa'''}}) adalah [[bawana]] terbesar kedua donya lan kedua terbanyak penduduknya setelah [[Asia]]. Dengan luas wilayah 30.224.050 [[kilometer persegi|km&sup2;]] termasuk pulau-pulau sing berdekatan, Afrika meliputi 20,3% sekang seluruh total daratan [[Bumi]]. Dengan 800 juta penduduk nang 54 negara, bawana ini merupakan tempat bagi sepertujuh [[populasi dunia]].

== Sejarah ==
[[Gambar:Map_of_Africa_from_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_1890.jpg|ka|jmpl|250px|Peta Afrika 1890]]
Kata '''Afrika''' berasal sekang basa [[basa Latin|Latin]], ''Africa terra'' — "tanah Afri" (bentuk jamak sekang "Afer") — untuk menunjukkan bagian utara bawana tersebut, saat ini merupakan bagian sekang [[Tunisia]], tempat kedudukan provinsi Romawi untuk Afrika. Asal kata Afer mungkin sekang [[basa Fenisia|basa]] [[huruf Fenisia|Fenisia]], 'afar berarti debu; atau sekang suku Afridi, sing mendiami bagian utara bawana dekat [[Kartago]]; atau sekang basa [[basa Yunani|Yunani]] aphrike berarti tanpa dingin; atau sekang basa [[basa Latin|Latin]] aprica berarti cerah.

Afrika adalah tempat tinggal [[manusia]] sing paling awal, sekang bawana ini manusia kemudian menyebar ke bawana-bawana lain. Afrika adalah tempat nang mana [[garis evolusi]] kera menjadi berbeda sekang [[protohuman]] tujuh juta tahun sing lalu. Afrika merupakan satu-satunya bawana sing ditinggali [[nenek mosing manusia]] hingga sekitar dua juta tahun lampau ketika [[Homo erectus]] berkembang ke luar Afrika menuju Eropa lan Asia. Lebih sekang 1,5 juta tahun kemudian, [[populasi]] sekang tiga bawana itu mengikuti evolusi sing berlainan sehingga mereka menjadi spesis sing berbeda. sing nang Eropa menjadi [[Neanderthal]], sing nang [[Asia]] tetap ''Homo erectus'', tetapi sing nang Afrika berevolusi menjadi [[Homo sapies]].

== Geografi ==
[[Gambar:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|jmpl|250px|Foto Afrika sing diambil sekang Apollo 17]]
[[Gambar:Africa satelit.jpg|jmpl|225px|Citra satelit bawana Afrika]]
Afrika adalah sing terbesar sekang ketiga bawana nang belahan selatan Bumi lan sing terbesar kedua setelah [[Asia]] sekang semua bawana. Luasnya kurang lebih 30,244,050&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (11,677,240 mil<sup>2</sup>) termasuk kepulauan disekitarnya, meliputi 20.3% sekang total daratan nang [[bumi]] lan didiami lebih sekang 800 juta manusia, atau sekitar sepertujuh populasi manusia nang bumi.

Dipisahkan sekang [[Eropa]] oleh [[Laut Tengah]], Afrika menyatu dengan [[Asia]] nang ujung timur lautnya melalui [[Terusan Suez]] sing memiliki lebar 130&nbsp;km. [[Semenanjung Sinai]] sing dimiliki oleh [[Mesir]] sering dianggap secara geopolitis sebagai bagian sekang Afrika. sekang ujung paling utara, [[Cape Spartel]] nang [[Maroko]], nang 37°21′ lintang Utara, ke ujung paling selatan, [[Cape Agulhas]] nang [[Afrika Selatan]], 34°51′15″ lintang Selatan, terbentang jarak sekitar 8000&nbsp;km; sekang ujung paling barat, [[Cape Verde]], 17°33′22″ bujur Barat, sampai ujung paling timur, [[Ras Hafun]] nang [[Somalia]], 51°27′52″ bujur Timur, jaraknya sekitar 7.400&nbsp;km. Panjang garis pantainya 26.000&nbsp;km (sebagai perbandingan, Eropa, sing memiliki luas 9.700.000&nbsp;km² memiliki garis pantai 32.000&nbsp;km.

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==History==

Map of Africa 1890Africa is home to the oldest inhabited territory on earth, with the human race originating from this continent. During the mid 20th century, anthropologists discovered many fossils and evidence of human occupation perhaps as early as 7 million years ago. The famous Leakey family, with ties to both Britain and Africa, discovered fossil remains of several species of early ape-like humans thought to have evolved into modern day man, such as Australopithecus afarensis ( radiometrically dated to 3.9-3.0 million years BC), Paranthropus boisei (2.3-1.4 million BC) and Homo ergaster (c. 600,000-1.9 million BC). These are significant findings in the pursuit of the study of human evolution.

The Ishango Bone, dated to c. 25,000 years ago, shows tallies in mathematical notation. Throughout humanity's prehistory, Africa (like all other continents) had no nation states, and was instead inhabited by groups of hunter-gatherers such as the Khoi and San (formerly known as bushmen).

Around 3300 BC, the historical record opens in Africa with the rise of literacy in Egypt, which continued with varying levels of influence over other areas until 343 BC. Other prominent civilizations include Ethiopia, the Nubian kingdom, Carthage, the kingdoms of the Sahel ( Ghana, Mali, and Songhai) and Great Zimbabwe.

In 1482, the Portuguese established the first of many trading stations along the Guinea coast at Elmina. The chief commodities dealt in were slaves, gold, ivory and spices. The European discovery of America in 1492 was followed by a great development of the slave trade, which, before the Portuguese era, had been an overland trade almost exclusively, and never confined to any one continent.

But at the same time that slavery was ending in Europe, in the early 19th century the European imperial powers staged a massive " scramble for Africa" and occupied most of the continent, creating many colonial nation states, and leaving only two independent nations: Liberia, the Black American colony, and Ethiopia. This occupation continued until after the conclusion of the Second World War, when all colonial states gradually obtained formal independence.

Today, Africa is home to over 50 independent countries, all but 2 of which still have the borders drawn up during the era of European colonialism.-->

== Negara-negara ==

Sebagian besar negara nang Afrika adalah bekas negara jajahan, kecuali [[Afrika Selatan]], [[Ethiopia]] lan [[Liberia]]. [[Republik Demokrasi Kongo]] merupakan bekas jajahan [[Belgia]]. [[Mesir]], [[Sulan]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], [[Djibouti]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Ghana]], [[Nigeria]], [[Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]] lan [[Botswana]] bekas jajahan [[Britania Raya]]. [[Maroko]], [[Aljazair]], [[Mauritania]], [[Mali]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea]], [[Pantai Gading]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Benin]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Republik Afrika Tengah]], [[Gabon]], [[Republik Demokratik Kongo|Kongo]] lan [[Madagaskar]] bekas jajahan [[Perancis]]. [[Togo]], [[Kamerun]], [[Burundi]], [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzania]] lan [[Namibia]] bekas jajahan [[Jerman]]. [[Libya]], [[Eritrea]], [[Somalia]] bekas jajahan [[Italia]]. [[Guinea Bissau]], [[Angola]], [[Malawi]], lan [[Mozambik]] adalah bekas jajahan [[Portugal]]. Serta [[Sahara Barat]] sing merupakan bekas jajahan [[Spanyol]]. Sepertiganya yaitu 15 sekang 47 negara terkurung oleh daratan.

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{|border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 {{prettytable}}
|- bgcolor=" #F8EABA"
|colspan=5 align=center|'''Daftar negara-negara nang Afrika'''
|-
|colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="silver"|Afrika Timur
|rowspan=18|{{Peta Afrika}}
|colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="silver"|Afrika Selatan
|-
|{{flagcountry|Burundi}}||{{flagcountry|Kenya}}
|{{flagcountry|Botswana}}||{{flagcountry|Lesotho}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Mozambik}}||{{flagcountry|Rwanda}}
|{{flagcountry|Malawi}}||{{flagcountry|Namibia}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Tanzania}}||{{flagcountry|Uganda}}
|{{flagcountry|Afrika Selatan}}||{{flagcountry|Swaziland}}
|- 
|colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="silver"|Afrika Timur Laut
|{{flagcountry|Zimbabwe}}||&nbsp;
|-
|{{flagcountry|Djibouti}}||{{flagcountry|Eritrea}}
|colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="silver"|Afrika Barat
|-
|{{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}||{{flagcountry|Somalia}}
|{{flagcountry|Benin}}||{{flagcountry|Burkina Faso}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Sulan}}||&nbsp;
|{{flagcountry|Pantai Gading}}||{{flagcountry|Gabon}}
|-
|colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="silver"|Afrika Tengah
|{{flagcountry|Gambia}}||{{flagcountry|Ghana}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Angola}}||{{flagcountry|Kamerun}}
|{{flagcountry|Guinea}}||{{flagcountry|Guinea Bissau}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Republik Afrika Tengah}}||{{flagcountry|Chad}}
|{{flagcountry|Liberia}}||{{flagcountry|Mali}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Republik Demokratik Kongo}}||{{flagcountry|Guinea Khatulistiwa}}
|{{flagcountry|Mauritania}}||{{flagcountry|Niger}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Gabon}}||{{flagcountry|Republik Kongo}}
|{{flagcountry|Nigeria}}||{{flagcountry|Senegal}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Zambia}}||&nbsp;
|{{flagcountry|Sierra Leone}}||{{flagcountry|Togo}}
|-
|colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="silver"|Afrika Utara
|colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="silver"|Negara kepulauan
|-
|{{flagcountry|Aljazair}}||{{flagcountry|Mesir}}
|{{flagcountry|Tanjung Verde}}||{{flagcountry|Komoro}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Libya}}||{{flagcountry|Mauritania}}
|{{flagcountry|Madagaskar}}||{{flagcountry|Mauritius}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Maroko}}||{{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
|{{flagcountry|Sao Tome lan Principe}}||{{flagcountry|Seychelles}}
|}

Wilayah nang Afrika sing merupakan daerah teritorial negara lain:
* [[Azores]] ([[Portugal]])
* [[Kepulauan Canary]] ([[Spanyol]])
* [[Ceuta lan Melilla]] ([[Spanyol]] / diklaim oleh [[Maroko]])
* [[Madeira]] ([[Portugal]])
* [[Mayotte]] ([[Perancis]])
* [[Reunion]] ([[Perancis]])
* [[Saint Helena]] ([[Britania Raya]])

Wilayah sing selang dipertentangkan:
* [[Sahara Barat]] (diklaim oleh [[Maroko]])

== AIDS ==
Dua per tiga (26 juta sekang 40 juta) sekang penduduk donya dengan [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] hidup nang Sub-Sahara Afrika. Satu sekang lima orang nang Botswana lan Swaziland terinfeksi AIDS. [[Botswana]] adalah negara dengan tingkat rata-rata infeksi AIDS tertinggi nang donya yaitu 22%. Namibia, Zimbabwe, Afrika Selatan, Lesotho lan Swaziland memiliki tingkat infeksi rata-rata 10%. Persentase orang berusia 15-49 tahun positif HIV nang seluruh donya adalah 1.1%, nang sub-Sahara Afrika 8%. Jumlah orang nang sub-Sahara Afrika sing terinfeksi HIV tiap hari 8.500 jiwa selangkan jumlah sing meninggal karena AIDS setiap hari 6.300 jiwa. Jumlah anak-anak nang bawah 18 tahun sing menjadi yatim piatu karena AIDS nang seluruh donya (mulai 2003) 15 juta, nang sub-Sahara Afrika 12,3 juta. Jumlah orang Afrika Selatan sing positif HIV 5,3 juta, lebih banyak daripada negara manapun nang dunia. Persentase perempuan hamil nang Afrika Selatan sing positif HIV pada 2004 27,9%.

== Ekonomi ==
Afrika adalah bawana termiskin sing didiami penduduk: ''[http://hdr.undp.org/ Human Development Report]'' [[2003]] sekang [[PBB]] (dengan 75 negara) mendaftarkan posisi 151 ([[Gambia]]) sampai 175 ([[Sierra Leone]]) dengan negara-negara Afrika.

== Agama ==
Orang Afrika memeluk [[agama]] sing berbeda-beda, dengan [[Kristen]] lan [[Islam]] dua sing paling tersebar. Sekitar 40% orang Afrika adalah Kristen lan 40% lainnya Muslim. Kurang lebih 20% orang Afrika memeluk agama asli Afrika. Sejumlah kecil juga memeluk [[Yudaisme]], seperti suku [[Beta Israel]] lan [[Lemba]].

Agama memiliki peranan besar dalam kehidupan nang Mesir. Secara tak resmi, adzan sing dikumanlangkan lima kali sehari menjadi penentu berbagai kegiatan. Kairo juga dikenal dengan berbagai menara masjid lan gereja. Menurut konstitusi Mesir, semua perunlang-unlangan harus sesuai dengan hukum Islam. Negara mengakui mazhab Hanafi lewat Kementerian Agama. Imam dilatih nang sekolah keahlian untuk imam lan nang Universitas Al-Azhar, sing memiliki komite untuk memberikan fatwa untuk masalah agama.

90% sekang penduduk Mesir adalah penganut Islam, mayoritas Sunni lan sebagian juga menganut ajaran Sufi lokal. Sekitar 10% penduduk Mesir menganut agama Kristen; 95% dalam denominasi Koptik (Koptik Ortodoks, Katolik Koptik, lan Protestan Koptik.

== basa ==

[[Gambar:African_language_families_en.svg|ka|300px|jmpl|Peta sing menunjukkan penyebaran kelompok basa Afrika lan beberapa basa Afrika utama. [[basa Afro-Asiatik]] menyebar hingga [[Sahel]] lan [[Asia Barat Daya]]. [[basa Niger-Kongo]] dipisahkan untuk menunjukkan ukuran [[basa Bantu|subkelompok basa Bantu]].]]
Menurut sebagian besar perkiraan, Afrika mempunyai lebih sekang ribuan [[basa]]. Ada empat [[kelompok basa]] besar sing berasal sekang bawana ini.

* Kelompok [[basa Afro-Asiatik]] adalah sebuah kelompok basa sing terdiri sekang sekitar 240 basa lan 285 juta penutur sing tersebar luas nang sepanjang Afrika Utara, [[Afrika Timur]], Sahel, lan [[Asia Barat Daya]].
* Kelompok [[basa Nil-Sahara]] terdiri sekang lebih sekang seratus basa sing dituturkan oleh 30 juta orang. basa Nil-Sahara kebanyakan diucapkan nang [[Chad]], [[Sulan]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], lan sebelah utara [[Tanzania]].
* Kelompok [[basa Niger-Kongo]] mencakup kebanyakan sekang Afrika bagian sub-Sahara lan kemungkinan adalah kelompok basa terbesar nang donya sekang segi jumlah basa. Sejumlah besar nang antaranta adalah [[basa Bantu|basa-basa Bantu]] sing digunakan nang sebagian besar Afrika bagian sub-Sahara.
* Kelompok [[basa Khoisan]] terdiri sekang sekitar 50 basa lan dituturkan nang sebelah selatan Afrika oleh sekitar 120.000 jiwa. Banyak sekang basa-basa Khoisan adalah [[basa sing terancam punah]]. Suku [[Khoikhoi|Khoi]] lan [[San]] dianggap sebagai penduduk asli nang wilayah ini.

Kecuali beberapa negara nang [[Afrika Timur]], hampir seluruh negara nang Afrika telah mengadopsi [[basa resmi]] sing berasal sekang luar bawana tersebut lan menyebar melalui [[kolonialisme]] atau perpindahan manusia. Sebagai contoh, nang beberapa negara, [[basa Inggris]] lan [[basa Perancis]] digunakan untuk komunikasi nang lingkup publik seperti pemerintah, perniagaan, pendidikan lan media massa. [[basa Arab]], [[basa Portugis|Portugis]], [[Afrikaans]], lan [[Malagasy]] adalah contoh-contoh lain basa-basa sing aslinya non-Afrika sing digunakan oleh jutaan warga Afrika saat ini, baik dalam lingkup publik maupun pribadi.

== Politik ==
=== Afrika sebelum penjajahan ===
Sebelum penjajahan Afrika memang merupakan negara sing miskin karena kondisi iklimnya sing kering sehingga ora mungkin untuk bercocok tanam nang sana. Masih terdapat banyak suku-suku pedalaman sing terbelakangn nang sana
<!--Politics

Map showing European claimants to the African continent at the beginning of World War I
Precolarl Africa

Colonial Africa
Colonialism had a destabilizing effect on what had been a number of ethnic groups that is still being felt in African politics. Prior to European influence, national borders were not much of a concern, with Africans generally following the practice of other areas of the world, such as the Arabian peninsula, where a group's territory was congruent with its military or trade influence. The European insistence of drawing borders around territories to isolate them from those of other colonial powers often had the effect of separating otherwise contiguous political groups, or forcing traditional enemies to live side by side with no buffer between them. For example, the Congo River, although it appears to be a natural geographic boundary, had groups that otherwise shared a language, culture or other similarity who resided on both sides. The division of the land between Belgium and France along the river isolated these groups from each other. Those who lived in Saharan or Sub-Saharan Africa and traded across the continent for centuries often found themselves crossing "borders" that existed only on European maps.

In nations that had substantial European populations, for example Rhodesia and South Africa, systems of second-class citizenship were often set up in order to give Europeans political power far in excess of their numbers. However, the lines were not often drawn strictly across racial lines. In Liberia, the citizens who were descenlants of American slaves managed to have a political system for over 100 years that gave ex-slaves and natives to the area roughly equal legislative power despite the fact the ex-slaves were outnumbered ten to one in the general population. The inspiration for this system was the United States Senate, which had balanced the power of free and slave states despite the much larger population of the former.

Europeans often changed the balance of power, created ethnic divides where they did not previously exist, and introduced a cultural dichotomy detrimental to the native inhabitants in the areas they controlled. For example, in what is now Rwanda and Burundi, two ethnic groups Hutus and Tutsis had merged into one culture by the time Belgian colonists had taken control of the region in the 19th century. No longer divided by ethnicity as intermingling, inter-marriage, and merging of cultural practices over the centuries had long since erased visible signs of a culture divide, the Belgians instituted a policy of racial categorization, upon taking control of the region, as racial based categorization and philosophies was a fixture of the European culture of that time. The term Hutu originally referred to the agricultural-based Bantu speaking tribes that moved into present day Rwanlan and Burundi from the West, and the term Tutsi referred to North Eastern cattle-based tribes that migrated into the region later. The terms to the indigenous peoples eventually came to describe a person's economic class. Those individuals who owned roughly 10 or more cattle were considered Tutsi, and those with fewer were considered Hutu, regardless of ancestral history. This was not a strict line but a general rule of thumb, and one could move from Hutu to Tutsi and vice versa.

The Belgians introduced a racialised system. Those individuals who had characteristics the Europeans admired - fairer skin, ample height, narrow noses, etc. - were given power amongst the colonized peoples. The Belgians determined these features were more ideally Hamitic, Hamitic in turn being more ideally European and belonged to those people closest to Tutsi in ancestry. They instituted a policy of issuing identity cards based on this philosophy. Those closest to this ideal were proclaimed Tutsi and those not were proclaimed Hutu.

Post-colonial Africa
Since independence, African states have frequently been hampered by instability, corruption, violence, and authoritarianism. The vast majority of African nations are republics that operate under some form of the presidential system of rule. Few nations in Africa have been able to sustain democratic governments, instead cycling through a series of brutal coups and military dictatorships.

A number of Africa's post-colonial political leaders were poorly educated and ignorant on matters of governance; great instability, however, was mainly the result of marginalization of other ethnic groups and graft under these leaders.

As well, many used the positions of power to ignite ethnic conflicts that had been exacerbated, or even created, under colonial rule. In many countries, the military was perceived as being the only group that could effectively maintain order and ruled most nations in Africa during the 70s and early 80s.

During the period from the early 1960s to the late 1980s Africa had over 70 coups and 13 presidential assassinations.

Cold War conflicts between the United States and the Soviet Union also played a role in the instability. When a country became independent for the first time, it was often expected to align with one of the two superpowers. Many countries in Northern Africa received Soviet military aid, while many in Central and Southern Africa were supported by the United States and/or France. The 1970s saw an escalation as newly independent Angola and Mozambique aligned themselves with the Soviet Union and the West and South Africa sought to contain Soviet influence.

Border and territorial disputes have also been common, with the European-imposed borders of many nations being widely contested through armed conflicts.

Failed government policies and political corruption have also resulted in many widespread famines, and significant portions of Africa remain with distribution systems unable to disseminate enough food or water for the population to survive. The spread of disease is also rampant, especially the spread of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the associated Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which has become a deadly epidemic on the continent.

Despite numerous hardships, there have been some signs the continent has hope for the future. Democratic governments seem to be spreading, though are not yet the majority (National Geographic claims 13 African nations can be considered truly democratic). As well, many nations have at least nominally recognized basic human rights for all citizens, though in practice these are not always recognized, and have created reasonably independent judiciaries.

There are clear signs of increased networking among African organisations and states. In the civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire), rather than rich, non-African countries intervening, about half-a-dozen neighbouring African countries got involved (see also Second Congo War). The death toll has been estimated by some to be 3.5 million since the conflict began in 1998. This might play a role similar to that of World War II for Europe, after which the people in the neighbouring countries decide to integrate their societies in such a way that war between them becomes as unthinkable as a war between, say, France and Germany would be today.

Political associations such as the African Union are also offering hope for greater co-operation and peace between the continent's many countries.

Extensive human rights abuses still occur in several parts of Africa, often under the oversight of the state. Most of such violations occur for political reasons, often times as a 'side-effect' of civil war. Countries where major human rights violations have been reported in recent times include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Sulan, and Côte d'Ivoire.

Modern Africa
Most western countries place limitations on aid to African nations, especially the United States. These limitations are often used to control the governments of these African nations; as a result, these nations are turning to non-traditional sources of financial aid. China has increasingly provided financial aid to Africa in order to secure contracts on natural resources, such as oil, gold, and diamonds. There usually is no political prescription. Countries the Chinese are investing in include: Central African Republic (plantations), Nigeria (oil & gas), Sierra Leone (tourism), Gabon (oil), Congo-Brazzaville (oil & wood-industry), Congo (copper & cobalt), Angola ( railroad-system), Libya (oil), Sulan (oil), Uganda (coffee & fishing-industry), Kenya (communications-network), Rwanda (public works), Burundi ( Nickel), Zimbabwe (infrastructure), South Africa (coal & gold).

Economy
Africa is the world's poorest inhabited continent: the United Nations' Human Development Report 2003 (of 175 countries) found that positions 151 ( Gambia) to 175 (Sierra Leone) were taken up entirely by African nations.

It has had (and in some ways is still having) a shaky and uncertain transition from colonialism, with increases in corruption and despotism being major contributing factors to its poor economic situation. While rapid growth in China and now India, and moderate growth in Latin America, has lifted millions beyond subsistence living, Africa has gone backwards in terms of foreign trade, investment, and per capita income. This poverty has widespread effects, including lower life expectancy, violence, and instability - factors intertwined with the continent's poverty.

Major economic successes are Botswana and South Africa, which is developed to the extent that it has its own mature stock exchange. This is partly due to its wealth of natural resources, being the world's leading producer of both gold and diamonds, and partly due to its well-established legal system. South Africa also has access to financial capital, numerous markets and skilled labor. Other African countries are making comparable progress, such as Ghana, and some, like Egypt, have a longer history of commercial and economic success.

Nigeria sits on one of the largest proven oil reserves in the world and has the highest population among nations in Africa, with one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. It is believed that with the country's rapidly expanding economy and increasing actions against corruption, Nigeria's status as Africa's economic powerhouse will soon be firmly established.

Demographics
Africans may be grouped according to whether they live north or south of the Sahara Desert; these groups are called North Africans and Sub-Saharan Africans, respectively. Afro-Asiatic speaking peoples predominate in North Africa, while Sub-Saharan Africa is dominated by a number of disparate populations grouped according to their diverse languages-- Niger-Congo predominantly in West Africa, Nilo-Saharan in the Eastern highlands and Khoisan in the south.

Speakers of Bantu languages (part of the Niger-Congo family) are the majority in southern, central and east Africa proper; but there are also several Nilotic groups in East Africa, and a few remaining indigenous Khoisan (' San' or 'Bushmen') and Pygmy peoples in southern and central Africa, respectively. Bantu-speaking Africans also predominate in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, and are found in parts of southern Cameroon and southern Somalia. In the Kalahari Desert of Southern Africa, the distinct people known as the Bushmen (also "San", closely related to, but distinct from "Hottentots") have long been present. The San are physically distinct from other Africans and are the indigenous people of southern Africa. Pygmies are the pre-Bantu indigenous peoples of central Africa.

The peoples of North Africa comprise two main groups; Berber and Arabic-speaking peoples in the west, and Egyptians in the east. The Arabs who arrived in the 7th century introduced the Arabic language and Islam to North Africa. The Semitic Phoenicians, and the European Greeks and Romans settled in North Africa as well. Berbers still make up the majority in Morocco, while they are a significant minority within Algeria. They are also present in Tunisia and Libya. The Tuareg and other often-nomadic peoples are the principal inhabitants of the Saharan interior of North Africa. Nubians are a Nilo-Saharan-speaking group (though many also speak Arabic), who developed an ancient civilization in Northeast Africa.

During the past century or so, small but economically important colonies of Lebanese and Chinese have also developed in the larger coastal cities of West and East Africa, respectively.

Some Ethiopian and Eritrean groups (like the Amhara and Tigrayans, collectively known as " Habesha") have Semitic (Sabaean) ancestry. The Somalis as a people originated in the Ethiopian Highlands, but most Somali clans can trace some Arab ancestry as well. Sulan and Mauritania are divided between a mostly Arabized north and a native African south (although the "Arabs" of Sulan clearly have a predominantly native African ancestry themselves). Some areas of East Africa, particularly the island of Zanzibar and the Kenyan island of Lamu, received Arab Muslim and Southwest Asian settlers and merchants throughout the Middle Ages and in antiquity.

Beginning in the 16th century, Europeans such as the Portuguese and Dutch began to establish trading posts and forts along the coasts of western and southern Africa. Eventually, a large number of Dutch, augmented by French Huguenots and Germans settled in what is today South Africa. Their descenlants, the Afrikaners and the Coloureds, are the largest European-descended groups in Africa today. In the 19th century, a second phase of colonization brought a large number of French and British settlers to Africa. The Portuguese settled mainly in Angola, but also in Mozambique. The French settled in large numbers in Algeria where they became known collectively as pieds-noirs, and on a smaller scale in other areas of North and West Africa as well as in Madagascar. The British settled chiefly in South Africa as well as the colony of Rhodesia, and in the highlands of what is now Kenya. Germans settled in what is now Tanzania and Namibia, and there is still a population of German-speaking white Namibians. Smaller numbers of European soldiers, businessmen, and officials also established themselves in administrative centers such as Nairobi and Dakar. Decolonization during the 1960s often resulted in the mass emigration of European-descended settlers out of Africa — especially from Algeria, Angola, Kenya and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). However, in South Africa and Namibia, the white minority remained politically dominant after independence from Europe, and a significant population of white Africans remained in these two countries even after democracy was finally instituted at the end of the Cold War. South Africa has also become the preferred destination of white Anglo-Zimbabweans, and of migrants from all over southern Africa.

European colonization also brought sizeable groups of Asians, particularly people from the Indian subcontinent, to British colonies. Large Indian communities are found in South Africa, and smaller ones are present in Kenya, Tanzania, and some other southern and east African countries. A fairly large Indian community in Uganda was expelled by the dictator Idi Amin in 1972, though many have since returned. The islands in the Indian Ocean are also populated primarily by people of Asian origin, often mixed with Africans and Europeans. The Malagasy people of Madagascar are a Malay people, but those along the coast are generally mixed with Bantu, Arab, Indian and European origins. Malay and Indian ancestries are also important components in the group of people known in South Africa as Coloureds (people with origins in two or more races and continents).-->

=== Afrika nang masa penjajahan ===
Di negara-negara sing memiliki banyak penduduk Eropa, misalnya nang [[Rhodesia]] lan [[Afrika Selatan]], sebuah sistem warganegara kelas dua dibuat untuk memberikan orang Eropa lebih banyak kekuasaan politik.

== Demografi ==
Orang Afrika dapat dibagi-bagi menurut tempat tinggal mereka, sebelah utara atau selatan sekang gurun Sahara; kelompok-kelompok ini disebut orang Afrika Utara lan orang Afrika Sub-Sahara.

== Pranala luar ==
* {{Dmoz|Regional/Africa}}
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[[Kategori:Afrika| ]]
[[Kategori:Geografi]]
[[Kategori:Bawana]]